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Scientific model guide

Genomic Foundation Models

Genomic foundation models can learn sequence representations and generative patterns, but biological function, causality and safety require separate evidence. BioAtlas preserves those boundaries.

Curated model passports

33 relevant BioAtlas records.

Structure Prediction

AlphaFold 2 / 3

The model that solved the 50-year protein-folding problem.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU / managed server
BenchmarkCASP14 / complex evaluations
Open evidence passport →
Structure Prediction

RoseTTAFold / All-Atom

The three-track network that followed folding into all-atom space.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkCASP14 / complex modelling
Open evidence passport →
Structure Prediction

ESMFold

Structure from a single sequence — no alignment required.

Evidence3/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Protein & Binder Design

RFdiffusion

Diffusion models that hallucinate brand-new proteins.

Evidence5/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkExperimental binder validation
Open evidence passport →
Protein & Binder Design

ESM3

A generative model that reasons over sequence, structure & function at once.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU / hosted service
BenchmarkGenerative protein evaluations
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

Evo / Evo 2

A genomic foundation model that reads and writes DNA at scale.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkGenomic sequence evaluations
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

AlphaGenome

Reading the genome's 'dark matter' at base-pair resolution.

Evidence2/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

Enformer

Transformers that predict gene expression from raw sequence.

Evidence2/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

AlphaMissense

Classifying which missense mutations cause disease.

Evidence2/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

Geneformer

A transfer-learning foundation model of gene networks.

Evidence2/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

HyenaDNA

Long-context genomics without attention's quadratic cost.

Evidence3/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

BigRNA

An RNA foundation model for oligonucleotide therapeutics.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessProprietary
ComputeVendor managed
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Antibodies & Biologics

IgLM / AntiBERTy

The antibody-specific language models many tools build on.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeManaged platform or GPU
BenchmarkAntibody sequence evaluations
Open evidence passport →
Platforms, Data & Infra

Cradle Bio

Generative protein engineering for any wet lab.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessProprietary
ComputePlatform dependent
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
AI-Native Discovery Cos.

Generate:Biomedicines

Generative biology turned into a clinical-stage pipeline.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeVendor managed
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Antibodies & Biologics

RFantibody

De novo epitope-specific antibody design from the RFdiffusion lineage.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkExperimental antibody design
Open evidence passport →
Protein Foundation & Representation

ESM-2

A foundational protein language model for residue- and sequence-level representations.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkProtein representation and structure evaluations
Open evidence passport →
Protein Foundation & Representation

ProtT5

A widely used protein Transformer for transferable sequence embeddings.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Small-Molecule & Chemistry

MegaMolBART

A BART-style chemical language model for molecular embeddings and generation.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

DNABERT-2

A BERT-style genomic foundation model with efficient DNA tokenization and multi-species pretraining.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkGenomic downstream tasks
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

Caduceus

Reverse-complement-equivariant bidirectional long-range DNA modelling.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkLong-range genomic benchmarks
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

GROVER

A genomic foundation model for transferable DNA representations.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

Borzoi

DNA-to-RNA regulatory modelling across cell and tissue contexts.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkFunctional-genomics and RNA-seq evaluations
Open evidence passport →
RNA Models & Design

RiNALMo

A large RNA language model for transferable nucleotide representations.

Evidence4/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkRNA downstream and structure tasks
Open evidence passport →
RNA Models & Design

RNA-FM

A foundational BERT-style model for non-coding RNA sequence representations.

Evidence2/7 evidence fields documented
AccessOpen source
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
RNA Models & Design

UNI-RNA

A 400M-scale encoder foundation model for RNA representation.

Evidence1/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkNot yet curated
Open evidence passport →
Genomics, DNA & RNA

LucaOne

A unified biological foundation model spanning DNA, RNA and protein sequence.

Evidence3/7 evidence fields documented
AccessLimited open access
ComputeGPU recommended
BenchmarkDNA/RNA/protein downstream tasks
Open evidence passport →
How to interpret this topic

Choose by context of use.

Inputs matter

Sequence, structure, ligand, assay and single-cell inputs imply different data-quality and preprocessing assumptions.

Outputs are not interchangeable

A predicted pose, confidence score, affinity estimate, generated sequence and perturbation profile support different decisions.

Benchmarks are protocol-bound

Claims should only be compared when task, dataset, split, metric and evaluation protocol genuinely align.

Validation remains external

BioAtlas records evidence boundaries; prospective scientific and experimental validation is still required for consequential use.